Students will understand the emergence and development of civilizations and cultures over time and place.

Indicator 1: Analyze the chronology of various historical eras to determine connections and cause/effect relationships.

3. compare influential people and events in the American Revolution, such as King George, Lord Cornwallis, John Adams, Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry.
4. describe military strategies that resulted in the defeat of the British.
5. identify the steps in the formation of the new government in terms of British and Colonial belief in representative government as demonstrated in the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower Compact, and the Articles of Confederation; the philosophy of government expressed in the Declaration of Independence; the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights; and the separation of powers in the federal government and the powers reserved for states.
6. weigh the challenges faced by the new United States government in regard to ratification of the Constitution, major issues facing the first four presidents in establishing a strong cohesive government, conflicts that resulted in the emergence of two political parties, and conflicts involved with the War of 1812.

Indicator 2: Evaluate the influence of varying values and philosophies on the development of civilizations and cultures.

2. describe the political and economic relationship between the colonies and England; and conflicts between the colonies and England that led to the American Revolution.

Students will understand the historical development and contemporary role of governmental power and authority.

Indicator 1: Analyze the various forms and purposes of government in relationship to the needs of individuals and societies.

2. identify examples from history of conflicts over rights, how the conflicts were resolved, and the important people who helped resolve them from colonial times through the Civil War with emphasis on the Revolutionary War and the Civil War.

Indicator 2: Evaluate the impact of historical events, and documents on the formation of the United States government.

2. interpret patriotic slogans, excerpts from notable speeches, and documents in United States history through the Civil War, such as "give me liberty or give me death" by Patrick Henry, "remember the Alamo," Gettysburg Address, Preamble to the Constitution, and Declaration of Independence.

Students will understand the emergence and development of civilizations and cultures over time and place.

Indicator 1: Analyze the chronology of various historical eras to determine connections and cause/effect relationships

1. identify and explain the sources of conflict which led to the American Revolution with emphasis on Proclamation of 1763, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, and tax on tea. (causes of the American Revolution)
2. identify key individuals and summarize their roles in the American Revolution, such as Thomas Jefferson, King George, Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine, Samuel Adams, and Benjamin Franklin. (leaders of the American Revolution)
3. explain the political significance of the Declaration of Independence.
4. analyze major military battles and the role of major American and British military leaders in the American Revolution, such as Lexington and Concord, Saratoga, Yorktown, Bunker Hill, George Washington, Benedict Arnold, George Rogers Clark, William Howe, John Burgoyne, and Charles Cornwallis. (battles of the American Revolution)
5. analyze the reasons why the colonies were able to defeat the British. (strategies of the American Revolution)

Indicator 2: Evaluate the significance of interactions among cultures and civilizations and the impact on cultural diffusion.

1. describe the successes and problems of the government under the Articles of Confederation.
2. contrast the differing points of view and compromises reached in the writing of the Constitution in 1787.
3. describe the basic structure of government adopted by the Constitutional Convention
4. contrast the views of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists in the struggle for ratification of the Constitution.
5. summarize and describe the emergence of two political parties and their leaders, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton.

Indicator 3: Evaluate the influence of varying values, philosophies, and world religions on the development of civilizations and cultures.

1. explain the fundamental liberties stated in the Bill of Rights.

Students will understand the historical development and contemporary role of governmental power and authority

Indicator 2: Evaluate the impact of historical events, ideals, and documents on the formation of the Unites States government.

1. critique the influence of European political thought on the formation of the United States constitutional system.
2. identify fundamental political principles contained in documents, such as the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Bill of Rights, and the United States Constitution.